Prováděcí nařízení Komise (EU) 2025/111 ze dne 23. ledna 2025, kterým se mění nařízení (EU) č. 1321/2014, pokud jde o zachování letové způsobilosti letadel s elektrickým a hybridním pohonem a jiných nekonvenčních letadel

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91OJ L 212, 22.8.2018, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139/oj. , and in particular Article 17(1), point (b) and points (d) to (f), thereof,

Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is amended as follows:

The requirements of Annex Vb (Part-ML) shall apply to the following other than complex motor-powered aircraft: Where an aircraft referred to in the first subparagraph is listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, the requirements of Annex I (Part-M) to this Regulation shall apply.

(a) aeroplanes of 2730 kg maximum take-off mass or less;

(b) helicopters of 1200 kg maximum take-off mass or less, certified for a maximum of up to four occupants;`

(c) other ELA2 aircraft;

(d) non-conventional aircraft with a maximum take-off mass of:(i) 1200 kg or less if they can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight; or(ii) 2730 kg or less for other than those in point (i).

(i) 1200 kg or less if they can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight; or

(ii) 2730 kg or less for other than those in point (i).

In order to be listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, an aircraft referred to in paragraph 2, first subparagraph, shall comply with all of the following requirements:

(a) its aircraft maintenance programme has been approved by the competent authority in accordance with point M.A.302 of Annex I (Part-M);

(b) due maintenance required by the maintenance programme referred to in point (a) has been performed and certified in accordance with point 145.A.48 and 145.A.50 of Annex II (Part-145);

(c) an airworthiness review has been performed and a new airworthiness review certificate has been issued in accordance with point M.A.901 of Annex I (Part-M).

By way of derogation from points 66.A.3(1)(b) and 66.A.45(a) of Annex III (Part-66), until 13 February 2028 , an aeroplane with electric power plant and MTOM below 5700 kg may be endorsed in a licence with subcategory B1.1 or B1.2 when:

(a) the licence holder has at least 6 months of maintenance experience on aircraft covered by the licence (sub)category within the last 24 months;

(b) the aeroplane being endorsed is not the first aeroplane endorsed for the relevant (sub)category; and

(c) the licence holder has followed aircraft type training in accordance with Appendix III to Annex III (Part-66), followed the procedure for the direct approval of aircraft type training in point 66.B.130 of Annex III (Part-66) or followed the procedure described in point 66.A.45(da) of Annex III (Part-66);

OJ L 212, 22.8.2018, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1139/oj.

(1) Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 of 26 November 2014 on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks (OJ L 362, 17.12.2014, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1321/oj). lays down the requirements for the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, including the qualifications and licences of the personnel responsible for the release to service of products after maintenance.

(2) Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 explicitly specifies the aircraft categories to which the requirements apply, namely aeroplane, helicopter or rotorcraft, sailplane, balloon and airship. There exist certain non-conventional aircraft, primarily emerging from recent industrial developments, referred to as new air mobility aircraft, which do not fit within any of the aforementioned aircraft categories. This creates legal uncertainty regarding the applicability of specific aspects of the current regulatory framework to these aircraft. In addition, existing alleviations covered by Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 applicable to aircraft of comparable safety risk should also be extended to non-conventional aircraft by analogy.

(3) Similarly, there are regulatory gaps stemming from the fact that Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 is sometimes prescriptive on the aircraft power plant, only considering piston and turbine engines as power plants for aeroplanes and helicopters. This is not in line with new industrial developments that consider other power plants, such as electrical engines or hybrid ones. It is also necessary to to cater for a smooth transition for the new rules so that they do not impede the introduction of small electrical aeroplanes, in particular in respect of their aircraft maintenance license.

(4) In order to address those regulatory gaps, requirements should apply to any current or future aircraft developments and their power plants.

(5) By considering all tilt-rotors as complex motor-powered aircraft, Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 was not commensurate for the simplest ones as stringent requirements applicable to any complex motor-powered aircraft was also applicable to the simplest tilt-rotors, for which less stringent requirements should apply by comparison with simple aircraft of other categories, namely aeroplanes and helicopters. Therefore the definition of complex motor-powered aircraft should therefore be amended

(6) Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 should therefore be amended accordingly.

(7) The amendments are based on Opinion No 04/2024Opinion 04/2024 of 19 June 2024 of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, New air mobility – Continuing airworthiness rules for electric- and hybrid-propulsion aircraft and other non-conventional aircraft (Subtask 1). of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency in accordance with Article 75(2), point (b), and Article 76(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139.

(8) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the committee established by Article 127 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139,

(1) Article 2 is amended as follows:(a) the first sentence is replaced by the following:For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:; (b) point (u) is replaced by the following:(u) complex motor-powered aircraft means:(i) an aeroplane:with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 19, or certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine; or (ii) a helicopter certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; or (iii) a non-conventional aircraft certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg if it can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine.; (c) the following points (v), (w), (x) and (y) are added:(v) aeroplane means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings;(w) rotorcraft means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;(x) helicopter means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on up to two power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes;(y) non-conventional aircraft means an aircraft other than an aeroplane, helicopter, sailplane, balloon or airship.;

(a) the first sentence is replaced by the following:For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:;

(b) point (u) is replaced by the following:(u) complex motor-powered aircraft means:(i) an aeroplane:with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 19, or certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine; or (ii) a helicopter certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; or (iii) a non-conventional aircraft certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg if it can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine.;

(c) the following points (v), (w), (x) and (y) are added:(v) aeroplane means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings;(w) rotorcraft means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;(x) helicopter means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on up to two power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes;(y) non-conventional aircraft means an aircraft other than an aeroplane, helicopter, sailplane, balloon or airship.;

(u) complex motor-powered aircraft means:(i) an aeroplane:with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 19, or certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine; or (ii) a helicopter certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; or (iii) a non-conventional aircraft certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg if it can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine.;

(i) an aeroplane:with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 19, or certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine; or

(ii) a helicopter certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; or

(iii) a non-conventional aircraft certified:for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg if it can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight, or for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine.;

for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg, or

for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or

for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots; or

for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or

for a maximum take-off mass exceeding 3175 kg if it can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight, or

for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine.;

(v) aeroplane means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings;

(w) rotorcraft means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;

(x) helicopter means a type of rotorcraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on up to two power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes;

(y) non-conventional aircraft means an aircraft other than an aeroplane, helicopter, sailplane, balloon or airship.;

with a maximum certified take-off mass exceeding 5700 kg, or

certified for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 19, or

certified for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots, or

equipped with (a) turbojet engine(s) or more than one turboprop engine; or

(2) in Article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3 are replaced by the following:2.The requirements of Annex Vb (Part-ML) shall apply to the following other than complex motor-powered aircraft: (a) aeroplanes of 2730 kg maximum take-off mass or less;(b) helicopters of 1200 kg maximum take-off mass or less, certified for a maximum of up to four occupants;`(c) other ELA2 aircraft;(d) non-conventional aircraft with a maximum take-off mass of:(i) 1200 kg or less if they can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight; or(ii) 2730 kg or less for other than those in point (i). Where an aircraft referred to in the first subparagraph is listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, the requirements of Annex I (Part-M) to this Regulation shall apply. 3.In order to be listed in the air operator certificate of an air carrier licensed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, an aircraft referred to in paragraph 2, first subparagraph, shall comply with all of the following requirements: (a) its aircraft maintenance programme has been approved by the competent authority in accordance with point M.A.302 of Annex I (Part-M);(b) due maintenance required by the maintenance programme referred to in point (a) has been performed and certified in accordance with point 145.A.48 and 145.A.50 of Annex II (Part-145);(c) an airworthiness review has been performed and a new airworthiness review certificate has been issued in accordance with point M.A.901 of Annex I (Part-M). ;

(a) aeroplanes of 2730 kg maximum take-off mass or less;

(b) helicopters of 1200 kg maximum take-off mass or less, certified for a maximum of up to four occupants;`

(c) other ELA2 aircraft;

(d) non-conventional aircraft with a maximum take-off mass of:(i) 1200 kg or less if they can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight; or(ii) 2730 kg or less for other than those in point (i).

(i) 1200 kg or less if they can maintain zero horizontal speed in flight; or

(ii) 2730 kg or less for other than those in point (i).

(a) its aircraft maintenance programme has been approved by the competent authority in accordance with point M.A.302 of Annex I (Part-M);

(b) due maintenance required by the maintenance programme referred to in point (a) has been performed and certified in accordance with point 145.A.48 and 145.A.50 of Annex II (Part-145);

(c) an airworthiness review has been performed and a new airworthiness review certificate has been issued in accordance with point M.A.901 of Annex I (Part-M).

(3) in Article 5, the following paragraph 8 is added:8.By way of derogation from points 66.A.3(1)(b) and 66.A.45(a) of Annex III (Part-66), until 13 February 2028 , an aeroplane with electric power plant and MTOM below 5700 kg may be endorsed in a licence with subcategory B1.1 or B1.2 when: (a) the licence holder has at least 6 months of maintenance experience on aircraft covered by the licence (sub)category within the last 24 months;(b) the aeroplane being endorsed is not the first aeroplane endorsed for the relevant (sub)category; and(c) the licence holder has followed aircraft type training in accordance with Appendix III to Annex III (Part-66), followed the procedure for the direct approval of aircraft type training in point 66.B.130 of Annex III (Part-66) or followed the procedure described in point 66.A.45(da) of Annex III (Part-66);

(a) the licence holder has at least 6 months of maintenance experience on aircraft covered by the licence (sub)category within the last 24 months;

(b) the aeroplane being endorsed is not the first aeroplane endorsed for the relevant (sub)category; and

(c) the licence holder has followed aircraft type training in accordance with Appendix III to Annex III (Part-66), followed the procedure for the direct approval of aircraft type training in point 66.B.130 of Annex III (Part-66) or followed the procedure described in point 66.A.45(da) of Annex III (Part-66);

(4) Annex I (Part-M) is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Regulation;

(5) Annex II (Part-145) is amended in accordance with Annex II to this Regulation;

(6) Annex III (Part-66) is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Regulation;

(7) Annex IV (Part-147) is amended in accordance with Annex IV to this Regulation;

(8) Annex Vb (Part-ML) is amended in accordance with Annex V to this Regulation;

(9) Annex Vd (Part-CAO) is amended in accordance with Annex VI to this Regulation.

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .

It shall apply from 13 February 2026 .

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 of 26 November 2014 on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks (OJ L 362, 17.12.2014, p. 1 , ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/1321/oj).

Article 1 Article 1

Article 2 Article 2

Opinion 04/2024 of 19 June 2024 of the European Union Aviation Safety Agency, New air mobility – Continuing airworthiness rules for electric- and hybrid-propulsion aircraft and other non-conventional aircraft (Subtask 1).

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: